Silicon ndi oxygen ndi zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimagawidwa kwambiri padziko lapansi.Kupatula kupanga SiO2, amaphatikizanso kupanga mchere wochuluka kwambiri wa silicate womwe umapezeka mu kutumphuka.Pali mchere wopitilira 800 wodziwika bwino wa silicate, womwe umawerengera pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu amitundu yonse yodziwika ya mchere.Pamodzi, amapanga pafupifupi 85% ya kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi ndi lithosphere polemera.Michere imeneyi sizinthu zazikulu zokha za miyala ya igneous, sedimentary, ndi metamorphic komanso imakhala ngati magwero azitsulo zambiri zopanda zitsulo komanso zosawerengeka.Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo quartz, feldspar, kaolinite, illite, bentonite, talc, mica, asbestos, wollastonite, pyroxene, amphibole, kyanite, garnet, zircon, diatomite, serpentine, peridotite, andalusite, biotite, ndi muscovite.
1. Feldspar
◆Zakuthupi: Feldspar ndi mchere wogawidwa kwambiri padziko lapansi.Feldspar wolemera potaziyamu amatchedwa potaziyamu feldspar.Orthoclase, microcline, ndi albite ndi zitsanzo za mchere wa potaziyamu feldspar.Feldspar imasonyeza kukhazikika kwa mankhwala ndipo imagonjetsedwa ndi zidulo, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuwola.Kulimba kumayambira 5.5 mpaka 6.5, kachulukidwe kuchokera 2.55 mpaka 2.75, ndi malo osungunuka kuchokera 1185 mpaka 1490.°C. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi quartz, muscovite, biotite, sillimanite, garnet, ndi zochepa za magnetite, ilmenite, ndi tantalite.
◆Zogwiritsa: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito posungunula magalasi, zopangira za ceramic, glaze za ceramic, zopangira enamel, feteleza wa potaziyamu, komanso ngati miyala yokongoletsera ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ya theka.
◆Njira Zosankhira: Kunyamula manja, kulekanitsa maginito, kuyandama.
◆Genesis ndi Zochitika: Zopezeka mu gneisses kapena gneissic metamorphic rocks;mitsempha ina imapezeka mu miyala ya granite kapena mafic rock kapena malo omwe amalumikizana nawo.Zokhazikika kwambiri mu pegmatitic feldspar massifs kapena kusiyanitsa feldspar pegmatites imodzi.
2. Kaolinite
◆Katundu Wathupi: Kaolinite yoyera ndi yoyera koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiira, yachikasu, yabuluu, yobiriwira, kapena imvi chifukwa cha zonyansa.Lili ndi kachulukidwe ka 2.61 mpaka 2.68 ndi kuuma kochokera ku 2 mpaka 3. Kaolinite imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zoumba za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi mafakitale, zipangizo zokanira, mapepala, zomangamanga, zokutira, mphira, pulasitiki, nsalu, ndi zodzaza kapena zodzaza. woyera pigment.
◆Ntchito: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zoumba tsiku ndi tsiku ndi mafakitale, zida zomangira, kupanga mapepala, zomanga, zokutira, mphira, mapulasitiki, nsalu, komanso ngati chodzaza kapena choyera.
◆Njira Zosankhira: Kulekanitsa kouma ndi konyowa kwa maginito, kulekanitsa mphamvu yokoka, kuwerengetsa, kuthira mankhwala.
◆Genesis ndi Zochitika: Zopangidwa kuchokera ku miyala ya silica-alumina-rich igneous ndi metamorphic, yosinthidwa ndi nyengo kapena kutentha kochepa kwa hydrothermal m'malo.
3. Mika
◆Maonekedwe Athupi: Mica nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyera, yokhala ndi mithunzi yachikasu, yobiriwira, kapena imvi.Ili ndi kuwala kwagalasi, ngati ngale pamalo otsetsereka, komanso mapepala owonda osinthika koma osasunthika.Kulimba kumayambira 1 mpaka 2 ndi kachulukidwe kuchokera 2.65 mpaka 2.90.Mica amapeza kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzinthu zokanira, zoumba, zadothi zamagetsi, zitsulo, galasi la fiberglass, labala, kupanga mapepala, utoto, mankhwala, zodzoladzola, mapulasitiki, komanso ngati chinthu chothandizira kujambula bwino.
◆Ntchito: Zogwiritsidwa ntchito muzinthu zokanira, zoumba, zadothi zamagetsi, zitsulo, fiberglass, labala, kupanga mapepala, utoto, mankhwala, zodzoladzola, mapulasitiki, komanso ngati chinthu chothandizira pakusema mwaluso.
◆Njira Zosankhira: Kunyamula manja, kulekanitsa ma electrostatic, kupatukana kwa maginito.
◆Genesis ndi Zochitika: Zopangidwa makamaka ndi hydrothermal alteration of intermediate acidic volcanic rocks and tuffs, yomwe imapezekanso mu ma crystalline schists olemera kwambiri a aluminiyamu ndi mitsempha yotsika kwambiri ya hydrothermal quartz.
4. Talc
◆Katundu Wathupi: Talc yoyera imakhala yopanda mtundu koma nthawi zambiri imawoneka yachikasu, yobiriwira, yofiirira, kapena pinki chifukwa cha zonyansa.Ili ndi kuwala kwagalasi komanso kuuma kwa 1 pa sikelo ya Mohs.Talc imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chodzaza m'mafakitale opangira mapepala ndi mphira komanso ngati choyera pamakampani opanga nsalu.Imagwiranso ntchito muzoumba, utoto, zokutira, mapulasitiki, ndi zodzoladzola.
◆Ntchito: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zodzaza m'mafakitale opanga mapepala ndi mphira, monga choyeretsera m'makampani opanga nsalu, komanso muzoumba, utoto, zokutira, mapulasitiki, ndi zodzola.
◆Njira Zosankhira: Kutola m'manja, kupatukana kwa electrostatic, kupatukana kwa maginito, kusanja kwa kuwala, kuyandama, kukolopa.
◆Genesis ndi Zochitika: Zopangidwa makamaka ndi kusintha kwa hydrothermal ndi metamorphism, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi magnesite, serpentine, dolomite, ndi talc schist.
5. Muscovite
◆Katundu Wathupi: Muscovite ndi mtundu wa mchere wa mica, womwe nthawi zambiri umawoneka woyera, imvi, wachikasu, wobiriwira, kapena bulauni.Imakhala ndi kuwala kwagalasi kokhala ngati ngale pamalo opindika.Muscovite amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozimitsa moto, ndodo zowotcherera, mapulasitiki, kutchinjiriza magetsi, kupanga mapepala, mapepala a asphalt, mphira, utoto wa ngale, mapulasitiki, utoto, ndi mphira ngati zodzaza ntchito.
◆Ntchito: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zozimitsa moto, ndodo zowotcherera, mapulasitiki, zotchingira magetsi, kupanga mapepala, mapepala a asphalt, mphira, utoto wa ngale, mapulasitiki, utoto, ndi mphira ngati zodzaza ntchito.
◆Njira Zosankhira: Kuyandama, kusankha mphepo, kusankha manja, kusenda, kusankha mikangano, kugaya bwino, kugaya kopitilira muyeso, kusintha kwapamwamba.
◆Genesis ndi Zochitika: Zopangidwa ndi magmatic action ndi pegmatitic action, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mu granite pegmatites ndi mica schists, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi quartz, feldspar, ndi minerals osowa radioactive.
Kupitiliza kumasulira:
6. Sodalite
Sodalite ndi makina a kristalo a triclinic, omwe nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi makristalo a cylindrical okhala ndi mikwingwirima yofananira pamwamba pa kristalo.Ili ndi vitreous luster, ndipo fracture imawonetsa kuwala kwa galasi mpaka ngale.Mitundu imachokera ku kuwala mpaka buluu wakuda, wobiriwira, wachikasu, imvi, bulauni, wopanda mtundu, kapena wotuwa-woyera.Kulimba kumayambira 5.5 mpaka 7.0, ndi mphamvu yokoka ya 3.53 mpaka 3.65.Michere yayikulu ndi sodalite ndi silika wocheperako, wokhala ndi mchere wowonjezera monga quartz, mica wakuda, mica yagolide, ndi chlorite.
Sodalite ndi chinthu chachigawo cha metamorphism chomwe chimapezeka mu crystalline schists ndi gneisses.Opanga otchuka padziko lonse lapansi ndi Switzerland, Austria, ndi mayiko ena.Pamene kutentha kwa 1300°C, sodalite imasandulika kukhala mullite, chinthu chapamwamba kwambiri chokanizira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma spark plugs, ma nozzles amafuta, ndi zinthu zina zadothi zomwe zimatentha kwambiri.Aluminium imathanso kutulutsidwa.Makhiristo owoneka bwino amitundu yokongola atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati miyala yamtengo wapatali, ndi buluu wakuya womwe umakonda kwambiri.North Carolina ku United States imapanga sodalite yamtengo wapatali wabuluu ndi wobiriwira.
7.Garnet
◆Thupi katundu
Nthawi zambiri zofiirira, zachikasu, zofiira, zobiriwira, etc.;zowonekera ku translucent;vitreous luster, fracture ndi resinous luster;palibe cleavage;kuuma 5.6 ~ 7.5;kachulukidwe 3.5 ~ 4.2.
◆Mapulogalamu
Kuuma kwakukulu kwa garnet kumapangitsa kukhala koyenera kwa zida zowononga;makhiristo akuluakulu okhala ndi mtundu wokongola komanso wowonekera angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati miyala yamtengo wapatali yamtengo wapatali.
◆Njira zolekanitsa
Kusankha manja, kupatukana kwa maginito.
◆Genesis ndi zochitika
Garnet imafalitsidwa kwambiri m'njira zosiyanasiyana za geological, kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya garnet chifukwa cha njira zosiyana za geological;calcium-aluminium garnet mndandanda amapangidwa makamaka mu hydrothermal, miyala yamchere, ndi pegmatites ena;magnesium-aluminiyamu garnet mndandanda amapangidwa makamaka mu miyala igneous ndi dera metamorphic miyala, gneisses, ndi miyala chiphalaphala.
8.Biotite
◆Thupi katundu
Biotite imapezeka makamaka mu miyala ya metamorphic ndi miyala ina monga granite.Mtundu wa biotite umachokera ku wakuda mpaka bulauni, wofiira, kapena wobiriwira.Ili ndi vitreous luster, zotanuka makhiristo, kulimba pang'ono kuposa msomali, yosavuta kung'ambika kukhala zidutswa, ndipo ndi yooneka ngati mbale kapena columnar.
◆Mapulogalamu
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazida zomangira chitetezo chamoto, kupanga mapepala, mapepala a asphalt, mapulasitiki, mphira, zozimitsa moto, ndodo zowotcherera, zodzikongoletsera, utoto wa ngale, ndi mafakitale ena opanga mankhwala.M'zaka zaposachedwa, biotite yagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri muzopaka zokongoletsera monga utoto weniweni wamwala.
◆Njira zolekanitsa
Kuyandama, kusankha kwa mphepo, kusankha manja, kusenda, kusankha mikangano, kupera bwino, kupera kopitilira muyeso, kusintha pamwamba.
9.Muscovite
◆Thupi katundu
Muscovite ndi mtundu wa mchere wa mica mu gulu loyera la mica, silicate ya aluminiyamu, chitsulo, ndi potaziyamu.Muscovite ili ndi ma muscovite amtundu wakuda (mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bulauni kapena yobiriwira, etc.) ndi muscovite wonyezimira (mitundu yosiyanasiyana yachikasu).Muscovite wonyezimira ndi wowonekera ndipo ali ndi vitreous luster;Muscovite wakuda wakuda ndi wowoneka bwino.Vitreous to submetallic luster, cleavage pamwamba ndi ngale yowala.Mapepala owonda ndi zotanuka, kuuma 2 ~ 3, mphamvu yokoka yeniyeni 2.70 ~ 2.85, osayendetsa.
◆Mapulogalamu
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani omanga, mafakitale ozimitsa moto, zozimitsa moto, ndodo zowotcherera, mapulasitiki, kusungunula magetsi, kupanga mapepala, mapepala a asphalt, mphira, pigments ngale, ndi mafakitale ena a mankhwala.Ultrafine mica powder imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chodzaza ndi mapulasitiki, zokutira, utoto, mphira, ndi zina zambiri, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamakina, kukulitsa kulimba, kumamatira, kukana kukalamba, komanso kukana dzimbiri.
M'mafakitale, amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakutchinjiriza ndi kukana kutentha, komanso kukana kwa acid, alkalis, compression, ndi peeling properties, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zotchingira zida zamagetsi ndi zida zamagetsi;Kachiwiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma boiler a nthunzi, mazenera osungunula ng'anjo, ndi zida zamakina.
◆Njira zolekanitsa
Kuyandama, kusankha kwa mphepo, kusankha manja, kusenda, kusankha mikangano, kupera bwino, kupera kopitilira muyeso, kusintha pamwamba.
10.Olivine
◆Thupi katundu
Zobiriwira za azitona, zachikasu-zobiriwira, zobiriwira zobiriwira, zobiriwira-zakuda.Vitreous luster, wamba woboola pakati pa chipolopolo;kuuma 6.5 ~ 7.0, kachulukidwe 3.27 ~ 4.37.
◆Mapulogalamu
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira zopangira magnesium ndi phosphates, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga feteleza wa calcium-magnesium phosphate;olivine wolemera wa magnesium atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zokanira;mandala, coarse-grained olivine angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati miyala yamtengo wapatali zopangira.
◆Njira zolekanitsa
Kusankhanso, kupatukana kwa maginito.
◆Genesis ndi zochitika
Zopangidwa makamaka ndi magmatic action, zomwe zimachitika mu miyala ya ultrabasic komanso yoyambira, yolumikizidwa ndi pyroxene, amphibole, magnetite, mchere wamagulu a platinamu, ndi zina zambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-31-2024