Pa nthawi ya "14th Five-year Plan", malinga ndi dongosolo la "carbon peak ndi carbon neutral" la dziko, makampani a photovoltaic adzatsogolera chitukuko chophulika.Kuphulika kwa mafakitale a photovoltaic "kwapanga chuma" kwa mafakitale onse.Mu unyolo wonyezimirawu, galasi la photovoltaic ndilofunika kwambiri.Masiku ano, kulimbikitsa kuteteza mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, kufunikira kwa galasi la photovoltaic kukuwonjezeka tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo pali kusamvana pakati pa kupereka ndi kufunikira.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mchenga wa quartz wochepa kwambiri ndi wonyezimira, chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa galasi la photovoltaic, wakweranso, ndipo mtengo wawonjezeka ndipo zoperekazo sizikusowa.Akatswiri amakampani amalosera kuti mchenga wa quartz wocheperako udzakhala ndi chiwonjezeko chanthawi yayitali chopitilira 15% kwa zaka zopitilira 10.Pansi pa mphepo yamphamvu ya photovoltaic, kupanga mchenga wa quartz wochepa wachitsulo kwachititsa chidwi kwambiri.
1. Mchenga wa quartz wa galasi la photovoltaic
Galasi ya Photovoltaic imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gulu la encapsulation la ma module a photovoltaic, ndipo limagwirizana mwachindunji ndi chilengedwe chakunja.Kukaniza kwake kwa nyengo, mphamvu, kutulutsa kuwala ndi zizindikiro zina zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa ma modules a photovoltaic ndi mphamvu ya nthawi yayitali yopangira mphamvu.Ma ion achitsulo mumchenga wa quartz ndi osavuta ku utoto, ndipo pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti galasi loyambirira likuyenda bwino kwambiri, magalasi a chitsulo a photovoltaic ndi otsika kuposa magalasi wamba, komanso mchenga wa quartz wokhala ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri. ndi zonyansa zochepa ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pakali pano, pali mchenga wa quartz wochepa kwambiri wachitsulo womwe ndi wosavuta kukumba m'dziko lathu, ndipo umagawidwa makamaka ku Heyuan, Guangxi, Fengyang, Anhui, Hainan ndi malo ena.M'tsogolomu, ndi kukula kwa mphamvu yopangira galasi loyera loyera kwambiri la ma cell a dzuwa, mchenga wa quartz wapamwamba wokhala ndi malo ochepa opangira udzakhala gwero losowa.Kuperekedwa kwa mchenga wa quartz wapamwamba komanso wokhazikika kudzalepheretsa mpikisano wa makampani a galasi la photovoltaic m'tsogolomu.Choncho, momwe mungachepetsere bwino zomwe zili ndi chitsulo, aluminium, titaniyamu ndi zinthu zina zonyansa mumchenga wa quartz ndikukonzekera mchenga wa quartz woyeretsedwa ndi mutu wotentha kwambiri.
2. Kupanga mchenga wochepa wa quartz wa galasi la photovoltaic
2.1 Kuyeretsa Mchenga wa Quartz kwa Galasi la Photovoltaic
Pakalipano, njira zachikhalidwe zoyeretsera quartz zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mokhwima pamakampani zimaphatikizira kusanja, kutsuka, kuzimitsa madzi, kugaya, sieving, kupatukana kwa maginito, kulekanitsa mphamvu yokoka, kuyandama, leaching ya asidi, leaching ya microbial, degassing kutentha kwambiri, etc., kuyeretsa kozama Njira zimaphatikizira kukazinga kwa chlorine, kusanja kwamitundu yowunikiridwa, kusanja kwa maginito a superconducting, vacuum ya kutentha kwambiri ndi zina zotero.Njira yopezera phindu pakuyeretsa mchenga wa quartz idapangidwanso kuyambira koyambirira "kugaya, kupatukana kwa maginito, kutsuka" mpaka "kupatukana → kuphwanya kowawa → kuwerengera → kuzimitsa madzi → kugaya → kuwunika → kupatukana kwa maginito → kuyandama → asidi Njira yophatikizira yothandizira kumiza→kutsuka→kuyanika, kuphatikiza microwave, akupanga ndi njira zina zopangira mankhwala kapena kuyeretsa kothandizira, kumathandizira kwambiri kuyeretsa.Poganizira zofunikira zachitsulo chochepa cha galasi la photovoltaic, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha njira zochotsera mchenga wa quartz zimayambitsidwa makamaka.
Nthawi zambiri iron imapezeka m'mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yodziwika bwino mu quartz ore:
① Kukhalapo mu mawonekedwe a tinthu tating'onoting'ono tadongo kapena kaolinized feldspar
②Zophatikizidwa pamwamba pa tinthu tating'ono ta quartz ngati filimu ya iron oxide
③Mchere wamchere monga hematite, magnetite, specularite, qinite, etc. kapena mchere wokhala ndi chitsulo monga mica, amphibole, garnet, etc.
④Ili pamene kumizidwa kapena mandala mkati mwa tinthu ta quartz
⑤ Kukhala mumkhalidwe wa njira yolimba mkati mwa kristalo wa quartz
⑥ Kuchuluka kwachitsulo chachiwiri kudzasakanizidwa pophwanya ndi kupera
Kuti tisiyanitse bwino mchere wokhala ndi chitsulo kuchokera ku quartz, m'pofunika kutsimikizira kaye momwe zonyansa zachitsulo zimachitikira mu quartz ore ndikusankha njira yabwino yopezera phindu ndi njira yolekanitsa kuti mukwaniritse kuchotsa zonyansa zachitsulo.
(1) Njira yolekanitsa maginito
Njira yolekanitsa maginito imatha kuchotsa mchere wofooka wa maginito wonyansa monga hematite, limonite ndi biotite kuphatikiza tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri.Malinga ndi mphamvu ya maginito, kupatukana kwa maginito kumatha kugawidwa kukhala kupatukana kwamphamvu kwa maginito ndi kulekana kofooka kwa maginito.Kupatukana kwamphamvu kwa maginito nthawi zambiri kumatenga chonyowa champhamvu cha maginito olekanitsa kapena cholekanitsa champhamvu cha maginito.
Nthawi zambiri, mchenga wa quartz womwe uli ndi mchere wofooka kwambiri wa maginito monga limonite, hematite, biotite, ndi zina zotero, ukhoza kusankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina osungunuka amphamvu a maginito omwe ali pamwamba pa 8.0 × 105A / m;Kwa maginito amphamvu a maginito omwe amalamulidwa ndi chitsulo, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito makina ofooka a maginito kapena makina opangira maginito olekanitsa.[2] Masiku ano, pogwiritsa ntchito makina apamwamba kwambiri komanso amphamvu a maginito olekanitsa maginito, kulekanitsa maginito ndi kuyeretsa kwakhala bwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zakale.Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito electromagnetic induction roller mtundu wamphamvu wa maginito olekanitsa kuchotsa chitsulo pansi pa 2.2T mphamvu ya maginito imatha kuchepetsa zomwe zili mu Fe2O3 kuchokera ku 0.002% mpaka 0.0002%.
(2) Njira yoyandama
Flotation ndi njira yolekanitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga timadzi tambiri tomwe timapanga timadzi tambiri tomwe timapanga pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono.Ntchito yayikulu ndikuchotsa mineral mica yokhudzana ndi feldspar ku mchenga wa quartz.Pakuti flotation kulekana kwa chitsulo munali mchere ndi khwatsi, kupeza chochitika mawonekedwe a chitsulo zosafunika ndi kugawa mawonekedwe a aliyense tinthu kukula ndi chinsinsi kusankha yoyenera kulekana ndondomeko kuchotsa chitsulo.Michere yambiri yokhala ndi chitsulo imakhala ndi zero yamagetsi pamwamba pa 5, yomwe imayikidwa bwino pamalo a acidic, ndipo mwachidziwitso ndiyoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi osonkhanitsa anionic.
Mafuta acid (sopo), hydrocarbyl sulfonate kapena sulphate angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati anionic wokhometsa kwa kuyandama kwa chitsulo okusayidi ore.Pyrite ikhoza kukhala yoyandama ya pyrite kuchokera ku quartz m'malo otolera ndi chowongolera chapamwamba cha isobutyl xanthate kuphatikiza ufa wakuda wa butylamine (4: 1).Mlingo wake ndi pafupifupi 200ppmw.
Kuyandama kwa ilmenite nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito sodium oleate (0.21mol/L) ngati chinthu choyandama kusintha pH kukhala 4 ~ 10.Zomwe zimachitika pakati pa ma oleate ions ndi tinthu tachitsulo pamwamba pa ilmenite kuti apange iron oleate, yomwe imakhala ndi ma ion adsorbed Oleate ions amasunga ilmenite ndikuyandama bwino.Osonkhanitsa a hydrocarbon-based phosphonic acid opangidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa ali ndi kusankha bwino komanso kusonkhanitsa kwa ilmenite.
(3) Njira yotulutsa asidi
Cholinga chachikulu cha njira ya acid leaching ndikuchotsa mchere wachitsulo wosungunuka mumtsuko wa asidi.Zomwe zimakhudza kuyeretsedwa kwa acid leaching zimaphatikizapo kukula kwa mchenga wa quartz, kutentha, nthawi, mtundu wa asidi, ndende ya asidi, chiŵerengero cha madzi olimba, ndi zina zotero, ndikuwonjezera kutentha ndi asidi.Kuyikirako komanso kuchepetsa utali wa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta quartz kumatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa leaching ndi kuchuluka kwa leaching kwa Al.Kuyeretsedwa kwa asidi amodzi kumakhala kochepa, ndipo asidi wosakanikirana ali ndi mphamvu yogwirizana, yomwe imatha kuonjezera kwambiri kuchotsedwa kwa zinthu zosadetsedwa monga Fe ndi K. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu amtundu wa HF, H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, H3PO4, HClO4 , H2C2O4, nthawi zambiri awiri kapena kupitilira apo amasakanizidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana.
Oxalic acid ndi organic acid yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa asidi.Ikhoza kupanga chokhazikika chokhazikika ndi ayoni achitsulo osungunuka, ndipo zonyansa zimatsuka mosavuta.Iwo ali ubwino otsika mlingo ndi mkulu chitsulo kuchotsa mlingo.Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito ultrasound kuti athandize kuyeretsedwa kwa oxalic acid, ndipo anapeza kuti poyerekeza ndi ochiritsira ochiritsira ndi thanki ultrasound, kafukufuku ultrasound ali apamwamba Fe kuchotsa mlingo, kuchuluka kwa oxalic asidi ndi zosakwana 4g/L, ndi chitsulo kuchotsa mlingo kufika. 75.4%.
Kukhalapo kwa asidi wosungunuka ndi hydrofluoric acid kumatha kuchotsa zonyansa zachitsulo monga Fe, Al, Mg, koma kuchuluka kwa hydrofluoric acid kuyenera kuyendetsedwa chifukwa hydrofluoric acid imatha kuwononga tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta quartz.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma asidi kumakhudzanso khalidwe la kuyeretsa.Pakati pawo, asidi osakanikirana a HCl ndi HF ali ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zopangira.Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito HCl ndi HF mix leaching agent kuyeretsa mchenga wa quartz pambuyo pa kupatukana kwa maginito.Kupyolera mu leaching ya mankhwala, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonyansa ndi 40.71μg / g, ndipo chiyero cha SiO2 ndipamwamba kwambiri mpaka 99.993wt%.
(4) Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa iron yopyapyala kapena chitsulo choyimiritsa pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta quartz, yomwe ndi njira yochotsera chitsulo posachedwa.Maphunziro okhonda asonyeza kuti ntchito Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, Pseudomonas, Polymyxin Bacillus ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti leaching chitsulo padziko quartz filimu wapeza zotsatira zabwino, zimene zotsatira za Aspergillus niger leaching chitsulo mulingo woyenera kwambiri.Mlingo wochotsa Fe2O3 nthawi zambiri umakhala pamwamba pa 75%, ndipo kalasi ya Fe2O3 concentrate ndi yotsika ngati 0.007%.Ndipo anapeza kuti zotsatira za leaching chitsulo ndi chisanadze kulima ambiri mabakiteriya ndi zisamere pachakudya adzakhala bwino.
2.2 Kafukufuku winanso wa mchenga wa quartz wa galasi la photovoltaic
Pofuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa asidi, kuchepetsa vuto la mankhwala a zimbudzi, komanso kukhala okonda zachilengedwe, Peng Shou [5] et al.adawulula njira yokonzekera mchenga wa quartz wa 10ppm wotsika chitsulo popanda kunyamula: quartz yachilengedwe ya mtsempha imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira, ndikuphwanya magawo atatu, Gawo loyamba lakupera ndi gulu lachiwiri limatha kupeza grit 0.1 ~ 0.7mm ;grit imasiyanitsidwa ndi gawo loyamba la kupatukana kwa maginito ndi gawo lachiwiri la kuchotsedwa kwamphamvu kwa maginito kwazitsulo zamakina ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi chitsulo kuti mupeze mchenga wolekanitsa maginito;kulekana kwa maginito kwa mchenga kumapezeka ndi siteji yachiwiri kuyandama Fe2O3 zili m'munsi kuposa 10ppm otsika chitsulo quartz mchenga, flotation amagwiritsa H2SO4 monga chowongolera, kusintha pH = 2 ~ 3, amagwiritsa sodium oleate ndi kokonati mafuta-based propylene diamine monga osonkhanitsa .Mchenga wa quartz wokonzedwa SiO2≥99.9%, Fe2O3≤10ppm, umakwaniritsa zofunikira za siliceous zopangira zopangira galasi la kuwala, galasi lowonetsera zithunzi, ndi galasi la quartz.
Kumbali ina, ndi kuchepa kwa zida zapamwamba za quartz, kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira kwa zinthu zotsika kwachititsa chidwi kwambiri.Xie Enjun wa ku China Zomangamanga Bengbu Glass Industry Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. anagwiritsa ntchito michira ya kaolin pokonzekera mchenga wachitsulo wa quartz wochepa wa galasi la photovoltaic.Mchere waukulu wa Fujian kaolin tailings ndi quartz, yomwe ili ndi mchere wochepa wonyansa monga kaolinite, mica, ndi feldspar.Pambuyo kaolin michira ndi kukonzedwa ndi beneficiation ndondomeko ya "akupera hayidiroliki gulu-maginito kupatukana-flotation", zili 0.6 ~ 0.125mm tinthu kukula ndi wamkulu kuposa 95%, SiO2 ndi 99.62%, Al2O3 ndi 0.065%, Fe2O3 ndi 92 × 10-6 mchenga wabwino wa quartz umakwaniritsa zofunikira za mchenga wachitsulo wa quartz wochepa wa galasi la photovoltaic.
Shao Weihua ndi ena ochokera ku Zhengzhou Institute of Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, adafalitsa patent yotulukira: njira yokonzekera mchenga wa quartz woyeretsedwa kwambiri kuchokera ku michira ya kaolin.Njira njira: a.Mchira wa Kaolin umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ore yaiwisi, yomwe imasefa pambuyo pogwedezeka ndi kupukuta kuti ipeze +0.6mm zakuthupi;b.+ 0.6mm zakuthupi ndi pansi ndi gulu, ndi 0.4mm0.1mm mchere chuma pansi maginito kulekana ntchito, Kupeza zipangizo maginito ndi sanali maginito, zipangizo sanali maginito kulowa ntchito yokoka kulekana kuti apeze mphamvu yokoka kulekana ndi mchere kuwala ndi kulekanitsa mphamvu yokoka mchere wolemera, ndi mphamvu yokoka kulekanitsa mchere mchere kulowa ntchito regrind kuti zenera kupeza +0.1mm mchere;c+ 0.1mm Mcherewu umalowa m'ntchito yoyandama kuti upeze mphamvu yoyandama.Madzi kumtunda kwa flotation tcheru amachotsedwa ndiyeno ultrasonically kuzifutsa, ndiyeno sieved kupeza +0.1mm coarse zakuthupi monga mkulu-chiyero khwatsi mchenga.Njira yopangira zinthu sizingangopeza zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri za quartz, komanso imakhala ndi nthawi yochepa yopangira, kuyenda kosavuta, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, komanso kukhazikika kwapamwamba kwa quartz concentrate, yomwe imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za chiyero chapamwamba. quartz.
Zovala za Kaolin zili ndi zinthu zambiri za quartz.Kupyolera mu beneficiation, kuyeretsedwa ndi kukonza mwakuya, kumatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito magalasi amtundu wa photovoltaic ultra-white.Izi zimaperekanso lingaliro latsopano la kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake ka zinthu za kaolin tailings.
3. Kuwonetsa msika wa mchenga wa quartz wochepa wachitsulo wa galasi la photovoltaic
Kumbali imodzi, mu theka lachiwiri la 2020, kukulitsa kosalekeza kopanga sikungathe kuthana ndi kufunikira kophulika pansi pa chitukuko chambiri.Kupereka ndi kufunikira kwa galasi la photovoltaic sikuli bwino, ndipo mtengo ukukwera.Pamayitanidwe ophatikizana amakampani ambiri amtundu wa photovoltaic, mu Disembala 2020, Unduna wa Zachuma ndi Ukadaulo Wachidziwitso udapereka chikalata chofotokozera kuti polojekiti yagalasi yopindika ya photovoltaic mwina siyingapange dongosolo losinthira mphamvu.Kukhudzidwa ndi ndondomeko yatsopanoyi, kukula kwa magalasi a photovoltaic kudzakulitsidwa kuchokera ku 2021. Malingana ndi chidziwitso cha anthu, mphamvu ya galasi la photovoltaic lopangidwa ndi ndondomeko yomveka bwino yopangira 21/22 idzafika 22250 / 26590t / d, ndi kukula kwapachaka kwa 68.4 / 48.6%.Pankhani ya ndondomeko ndi zofuna-mbali zotsimikizira, mchenga wa photovoltaic ukuyembekezeka kuyambitsa kukula kwaphulika.
2015-2022 mphamvu yopanga magalasi a photovoltaic
Komano, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mphamvu yopangira magalasi a photovoltaic kungachititse kuti mchenga wa silika wochepa wachitsulo upitirire, zomwe zimalepheretsa kupanga magalasi a photovoltaic.Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuyambira 2014, kupanga mchenga wamtundu wa quartz m'dziko langa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi zomwe zikufunidwa m'nyumba, ndipo kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwasunga bwino.
Nthawi yomweyo, zopezeka m'dziko langa zokhala ndi chitsulo chochepa cha quartz ndizosowa, zomwe zimakhazikika ku Heyuan waku Guangdong, Beihai waku Guangxi, Fengyang waku Anhui ndi Donghai waku Jiangsu, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kumafunika kutumizidwa kunja.
Mchenga wa quartz wachitsulo wochepa kwambiri ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri (zowerengera pafupifupi 25% ya mtengo wamtengo wapatali) m'zaka zaposachedwa.Mtengo nawonso wakhala ukukwera.M'mbuyomu, zakhala zikuzungulira 200 yuan/ton kwa nthawi yayitali.Pambuyo pa kufalikira kwa mliri wa Q1 m'zaka 20, watsika kuchokera pamlingo wapamwamba, ndipo pakali pano ukugwira ntchito yokhazikika kwa nthawiyi.
Mu 2020, dziko langa lomwe likufuna mchenga wa quartz lidzakhala matani 90.93 miliyoni, zotuluka zikhala matani 87.65 miliyoni, ndipo zotuluka kunja zidzakhala matani 3.278 miliyoni.Malinga ndi chidziwitso cha anthu, kuchuluka kwa mwala wa quartz mu 100kg wa galasi losungunuka ndi pafupifupi 72.2kg.Malinga ndi ndondomeko yowonjezera yapano, kuwonjezeka kwa galasi la photovoltaic mu 2021/2022 kungafikire 3.23 / 24500t / d, malinga ndi kupanga kwapachaka Kuwerengedwera kwa masiku 360, kupanga okwana kudzafanana ndi kufunikira kumene kwawonjezeka kwa otsika. -mchenga wachitsulo wa silika wa matani 836/635 miliyoni / chaka, ndiye kuti, kufunikira kwatsopano kwa mchenga wochepera wachitsulo wopangidwa ndi galasi la photovoltaic mu 2021/2022 kudzawerengera mchenga wa quartz mu 2020 9.2% / 7.0% yakufunika .Poganizira kuti mchenga wochepa wachitsulo wa silika umakhala ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga wa silika wofunikira, kufunikira ndi kukakamizidwa kwa mchenga wachitsulo wochepa wa silika chifukwa cha ndalama zazikulu za kupanga magalasi a photovoltaic kungakhale kwakukulu kuposa kukakamiza makampani onse a mchenga wa quartz.
-Nkhani yochokera ku Powder Network
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-11-2021