Ndi katundu wapadera thupi ndi mankhwala, kaolin ndi zofunika nonmetallic mchere gwero mu ziwiya zadothi, kupanga mapepala, mphira, mapulasitiki, refractories, mafuta kuyenga ndi zina mafakitale ndi ulimi ndi chitetezo dziko kudula-m'mphepete luso minda. Kuyera kwa kaolin ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha ntchito yake.
Zomwe zimakhudza kuyera kwa kaolin
Kaolin ndi mtundu wa dongo ladongo labwino kwambiri kapena mwala wadothi wopangidwa makamaka ndi mchere wa kaolinite. Mapangidwe ake a crystal chemical formula ndi 2SiO2 · Al2O3 · 2H2O. Kuchepa kwa mchere womwe si wadongo ndi quartz, feldspar, mchere wachitsulo, titaniyamu, aluminium hydroxide ndi oxides, organic matter, etc.
Crystalline kapangidwe ka kaolin
Malingana ndi chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha zonyansa mu kaolin, zonyansa zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa kuyera kwa kaolin zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: organic carbon; Zinthu za pigment, monga Fe, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Mn, etc; Michere yamdima, monga biotite, chlorite, etc. Kawirikawiri, zomwe zili mu V, Cr, Cu, Mn ndi zinthu zina mu kaolin ndizochepa, zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pa zoyera. Mapangidwe a mchere ndi zomwe zili mu chitsulo ndi titaniyamu ndizo zomwe zimakhudza kuyera kwa kaolin. Kukhalapo kwawo sikungokhudza kuyera kwachilengedwe kwa kaolin, komanso kumakhudzanso kuyera kwake kwa calcined. Makamaka, kukhalapo kwa chitsulo okusayidi kumakhudza kwambiri mtundu wa dongo ndipo kumachepetsa kuwala kwake ndi kukana moto. Ndipo ngakhale kuchuluka kwa okusayidi, hydroxide ndi hydrated oxide ya iron oxide ndi 0,4%, ndikokwanira kupangitsa dongo kukhala lofiira kukhala lachikasu. Izi oxides chitsulo ndi hydroxides akhoza kukhala hematite (wofiira), maghemite (wofiira-bulauni), goethite (bulauni chikasu), limonite (lalanje), hydrated chitsulo okusayidi (bulauni wofiira), etc. Tinganene kuti kuchotsa chitsulo zonyansa. mu kaolin amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino kaolin.
Kuchitika kwa chitsulo
Kupezeka kwa chitsulo mu kaolin ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimatsimikizira njira yochotsera chitsulo. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha maphunziro amakhulupirira kuti crystalline chitsulo mu mawonekedwe a particles zabwino ndi kusakaniza mu kaolin, pamene amorphous chitsulo TACHIMATA pamwamba particles zabwino za kaolin. Pakali pano, zochitika za chitsulo mu kaolin lagawidwa mitundu iwiri kunyumba ndi kunja: mmodzi ali mu kaolinite ndi chowonjezera mchere (monga mica, titaniyamu dioxide ndi illite), wotchedwa structural chitsulo; Zina zili mu mawonekedwe a chitsulo odziyimira pawokha, otchedwa chitsulo chaulere (kuphatikiza chitsulo chapamwamba, chitsulo chowoneka bwino cha crystalline ndi chitsulo cha amorphous).
Chitsulo chochotsedwa ndi kuchotsa chitsulo ndi kuyera kwa kaolin ndi chitsulo chaulere, makamaka kuphatikizapo magnetite, hematite, limonite, siderite, pyrite, ilmenite, jarosite ndi mchere wina; Chitsulo chambiri chilipo mu mawonekedwe a colloidal limonite omwazika kwambiri, ndipo pang'ono mu mawonekedwe a ozungulira, acicular ndi osasamba goethite ndi hematite.
Kuchotsa chitsulo ndi kuyera njira ya kaolin
Kulekanitsa madzi
Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuchotsa mchere wowononga monga quartz, feldspar ndi mica, ndi zonyansa zokulirapo monga zinyalala za miyala, komanso chitsulo ndi titaniyamu. Chidetso mchere ndi kachulukidwe ofanana ndi solubility kuti kaolin sangathe kuchotsedwa, ndi whiteness bwino ndi zoonekeratu, amene ali oyenera beneficiation ndi whitening ndi apamwamba kwambiri kaolin ore.
Kupatukana kwa maginito
Zonyansa zamchere zamchere mu kaolin nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofooka maginito. Pakali pano, njira yamphamvu yolekanitsa yamphamvu ya maginito imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kapena maginito ofooka a maginito amasandulika kukhala amphamvu maginito okusayidi achitsulo akawotcha, kenako amachotsedwa ndi njira wamba yolekanitsa maginito.
Choyimira mphete chapamwamba cha maginito olekanitsa
High gradient maginito olekanitsa kwa electromagnetic slurry
Otsika kutentha superconducting maginito olekanitsa
Njira yoyandama
Njira yoyandama yagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kaolin kuchokera ku madipoziti a pulaimale ndi sekondale. Mu ndondomeko yoyandama, kaolinite ndi mica particles amalekanitsidwa, ndipo mankhwala oyeretsedwa ndi angapo oyenera mafakitale kalasi zopangira. The kusankha flotation kulekana kwa kaolinite ndi feldspar kawirikawiri ikuchitika mu slurry ndi ankalamulira pH.
Njira yochepetsera
The kuchepetsa njira ndi ntchito kuchepetsa wothandizila kuchepetsa chitsulo zosafunika (monga hematite ndi limonite) mu trivalent boma la kaolin kuti sungunuka bivalent ayoni chitsulo, amene amachotsedwa kusefera ndi kutsuka. Kuchotsa zonyansa za Fe3 + kuchokera ku kaolin ya mafakitale nthawi zambiri zimatheka pophatikiza ukadaulo wakuthupi (kupatukana kwa maginito, kusankha flocculation) ndi chithandizo chamankhwala pansi pa acidic kapena kuchepetsa mikhalidwe.
Sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti sodium hydrosulfite, imathandizira kuchepetsa ndi kutulutsa chitsulo kuchokera ku kaolin, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani a kaolin. Komabe, njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa pansi pazikhalidwe za acidic (pH <3), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito komanso chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala a sodium hydrosulfite ndi osakhazikika, amafunikira kusungirako kwapadera komanso kokwera mtengo komanso kukonza zoyendera.
Thiourea dioxide: (NH2) 2CSO2, TD) ndi chochepetsera champhamvu, chomwe chili ndi ubwino wochepetsera mphamvu, kuyanjana ndi chilengedwe, kuchepa kwa kuwonongeka, chitetezo ndi mtengo wotsika wa kupanga batch. Insoluble Fe3+ mu kaolin ikhoza kuchepetsedwa kukhala sungunuka Fe2+ kudzera mu TD.
Kenako, woyera wa kaolin akhoza ziwonjezeke pambuyo kusefera ndi kuchapa. TD imakhala yokhazikika kutentha komanso kusalowerera ndale. Kuthekera kochepetsera kwa TD kumatha kupezeka pokhapokha ngati pali alkalinity yamphamvu (pH> 10) kapena kutentha (T> 70 ° C), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mtengo wokwera komanso zovuta.
Njira ya okosijeni
Thandizo la okosijeni limaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ozoni, hydrogen peroxide, potaziyamu permanganate ndi sodium hypochlorite kuchotsa mpweya wosanjikiza wa adsorbed kuti ukhale woyera. The kaolin mu malo akuya pansi wandiweyani kulemedwa ndi imvi, ndi chitsulo mu kaolin ndi kuchepetsa boma. Gwiritsani ntchito oxidizing amphamvu monga ozoni kapena sodium hypochlorite kuti oxidize insoluble FeS2 mu pyrite kuti sungunuka Fe2+, ndiyeno kusamba kuchotsa Fe2 + mu dongosolo.
Njira yothetsera asidi
The asidi leaching njira ndi kusandutsa zosasungunuka chitsulo zonyansa mu kaolin mu zinthu sungunuka mu acidic njira (asidi hydrochloric, asidi sulfuric, asidi oxalic, etc.), motero kuzindikira kulekana ndi kaolin. Poyerekeza ndi ma organic acids, oxalic acid amaonedwa kuti ndi odalirika kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zake za asidi, katundu wabwino wophatikizika komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri. Ndi oxalic acid, chitsulo chosungunuka chikhoza kusungunuka kuchokera ku njira yotsekemera mu mawonekedwe a ferrous oxalate, ndipo ikhoza kukonzedwanso kuti ipange hematite yoyera kupyolera mu calcination. Oxalic acid imatha kupezeka motsika mtengo kuchokera kuzinthu zina zamafakitale, ndipo powombera popanga ceramic, oxalate iliyonse yotsalira muzinthu zothandizidwayo imawola kukhala mpweya woipa. Ofufuza ambiri aphunzira zotsatira za kusungunuka kwa iron oxide ndi oxalic acid.
High kutentha calcination njira
Calcination ndi njira yopangira zinthu zapadera za kaolin. Malinga ndi kutentha kwa mankhwala, magulu awiri osiyana a kaolin calcined amapangidwa. Kuwerengetsa mu kutentha kwa 650-700 ℃ kumachotsa gulu la hydroxyl, ndipo nthunzi yamadzi yomwe ikuthawa imapangitsa kuti kaolin ikhale elasticity ndi mawonekedwe ake, omwe ndi khalidwe labwino la ntchito yokutira mapepala. Komanso, ndi Kutentha kaolin pa 1000-1050 ℃, izo sizingakhoze kuwonjezera abradability, komanso kupeza 92-95% whiteness.
Chlorination calcination
Chitsulo ndi titaniyamu zinachotsedwa ku mchere wadongo, makamaka kaolin ndi chlorination, ndipo zotsatira zabwino zinapezedwa. Mu njira ya chlorination ndi calcination, pa kutentha kwakukulu (700 ℃ - 1000 ℃), kaolinite yadutsa dehydroxylation kupanga metakaolinite, ndipo pa kutentha kwakukulu, magawo a spinel ndi mullite amapangidwa. Kusintha kumeneku kumawonjezera hydrophobicity, kuuma ndi kukula kwa particles kudzera mu sintering. Mchere wopangidwa motere ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri, monga mapepala, PVC, labala, mapulasitiki, zomatira, kupukuta ndi mankhwala otsukira mano. Kukwera kwa hydrophobicity kumapangitsa kuti mcherewu ukhale wogwirizana ndi machitidwe achilengedwe.
Njira ya Microbiological
Ukadaulo woyeretsera mchere wa Microbial ndi mutu watsopano wokonza mchere, kuphatikiza ukadaulo wa microbial leaching ndi ukadaulo wa microbial flotation. Ukadaulo waukadaulo wa microbial leaching of minerals ndiukadaulo wotulutsa womwe umagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwakuya pakati pa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mchere kuti tiwononge kristalo wa mchere ndikusungunula zinthu zofunikira. Oxidized pyrite ndi miyala ina ya sulfide yomwe ili mu kaolin imatha kuyeretsedwa ndiukadaulo wochotsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito timaphatikizapo Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ndi mabakiteriya ochepetsa Fe. Njira ya microbiological ili ndi mtengo wotsika komanso kuwononga chilengedwe, zomwe sizingakhudze thupi ndi mankhwala a kaolin. Ndi njira yatsopano yoyeretsera ndi yoyera yokhala ndi chiyembekezo chakukula kwa mchere wa kaolin.
Chidule
Kuchotsa chitsulo ndi kuyeretsa kwa kaolin kumafunika kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri molingana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito, kupititsa patsogolo kuyera kwa mchere wa kaolin, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso yamtengo wapatali. M'tsogolo chitukuko azimuth ayenera kuphatikiza makhalidwe a mankhwala njira, thupi njira ndi microbiological njira organically, kuti apereke masewera zonse ubwino wawo ndi kuletsa kuipa ndi zofooka zawo, kuti tikwaniritse bwino whitening kwenikweni. Pa nthawi yomweyi, m'pofunikanso kuti mupitirize kuphunzira njira yatsopano ya njira zosiyanasiyana zochotsera zonyansa ndikuwongolera ndondomeko kuti kuchotsa chitsulo ndi kuyera kwa kaolin kukhala kobiriwira, kothandiza komanso kotsika kwa carbon.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-02-2023